Weather Forecast Technologies
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Japan's weather forecasting technologies are getting more accurate year by year. Weather forecasting in Japan is done using a combination of observations of the Earth's surface, supercomputers, satellites in space, and various other methods. They help people's economic and social life while helping prevent disasters. This article examines Japan's constantly evolving weather forecasting technologies.
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Weather forecast in Japan
Japan has always been hit by heavy rains, typhoons and other
natural disasters, so the ancient Japanese were already devoting their efforts
to the development of weather forecasting technologies. Today, Japanese
forecasters make overall decisions based on the collection of various
observational data and numerical predictions made by supercomputers or other
devices, while also referring to observational data from satellites and
aircraft. Meteorological radars and the Amadeus system. Using this data,
forecasters make weather reports, issue alerts and provide all kinds of
information. The Amadeus (Automatic Meteorological Data Acquisition System) of
the Meteorological Agency of Japan automatically sends measurement data
regarding precipitation, wind direction and speed, air temperature, humidity as
well as other information collected by around 1,300 stations. Amadeus is also
used to map the risks of heavy rains, floods and other natural disasters. The
system analyzes the rainfall information from the radars and combines this
information with that of past disasters to create color-coded images every 10
minutes showing areas at potential risk.
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Contribution to other countries of the world through
observations from space
Japan's weather
observations gained space in 1977. Currently, two satellites, Himawari 8 (since
2014) and Himawari 9 (since 2016), coordinate to observe the weather. These
weather satellites orbit at the same speed as the Earth's rotation and
continuously observe weather phenomena such as typhoons, depressions and
fronts. There are very few vantage points at sea for observing typhoons and
therefore it is particularly important to use satellites to monitor them.
Himawari 8 and 9 embed a dynamic high-frequency observation function in order
to observe a given point every 2.5 minutes, thus making it possible to
automatically follow the evolution of typhoons and to observe them attentively.
In addition, the Japan Meteorological Agency operates a
service called Himawari Request which uses satellites to make observations in
response to requests from meteorological agencies in other countries. The
satellites observe the affected areas within one hour of receiving the request
and send the observation data in real time. Countries that receive data through
this service can remain vigilant and take action against natural disasters at
an early stage. Thus, the Himawari satellites contribute to the reduction of
disaster risks also in other countries.
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Supercomputers with increasingly precise forecasts
Weather forecasts in Japan have seen a dramatic increase in
accuracy thanks to advances in numerical forecasts and technological
innovations in computers. Since 1959, the Meteorological Agency of Japan has
used a huge computer and continues to make improvements. Currently, the agency
uses the Cray XC50 (theoretical maximum performance of 18 pet flops and main
storage memory of 528 terabytes), its 10th supercomputer dedicated to weather.
This machine uses 17 forecast models to calculate changes in wind, temperature
and other factors over time to predict the atmospheric situation.
The K computer was
the first computer in the world to provide a simulation of the entire Earth
with extremely high image resolution. In 2015, he showed that it was possible
to predict the onset of a typhoon almost two weeks in advance. With the latest
Fugaku supercomputer, research and development work is aimed at predicting, at
an early stage and using numerical forecasts, the appearance of heavy
concentrated rains and other phenomena. This system uses observation big data
sent every 10 minutes by Himawari 8 and other devices.
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The TOKYO SKYTREE tower, a meteorological research station
TOKYO SKYTREE Tower (634 meters high; approximately 2,080
feet) is known to be the tallest free-standing broadcast tower in the world. It
is also a valuable research station for the planet, with observation facilities
for studying the atmosphere above the city. Thanks to its height, the tower
contributes to cutting-edge research. At 497 meters (about 1,631 feet),
research is being carried out to understand the properties of lightning above
the city, while at 458 meters (about 1.503 feet), aerosols are collected in the
atmosphere and research Analytical tests are performed on particles that freeze
cloud droplets. At 250 meters (approximately 820 feet), research is being done
on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that are
released from Tokyo. Research at this level should make it possible to define
the origin of these emissions (especially if the gases come from plants or
fossil fuels).
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Professor Ryohei Misumi of the National Research Institute of Earth Sciences and Disaster Prevention observes the cloud droplets from facilities located in the tower, 458m above the ground. This is what he tells us: “The TOKYO SKYTREE tower allows us to measure the size and number of cloud droplets inside clouds and make precise comparisons with data from radar monitoring the clouds. Currently, we can detect rain 17 minutes before it starts to rain and our goal is to be able to detect sudden heavy rains and other phenomena at an early stage. We hope that people who work outdoors in particular can take advantage of these 17 minutes to take action to protect their lives. "
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The Japan Agency for Land and Marine Science and Technology
developed its own model of the Earth system and gained worldwide attention in
2018 when it used AI in its weather forecast to detect a week in advance. The
appearance of a tropical cyclone with great precision.
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AI has been used to analyze a large number of tropical cyclone images. (Images provided by the Japan Agency for Land and Marine Science and Technology)
In Japan, national
institutions and private companies are actively pursuing research and
development using AI, and weather forecasting has also made use of AI. We need
to keep our eyes open for future weather forecasting technologies and the
advanced research that is continually being carried out to reduce climate
damage, prevent and prepare for natural disasters, and help solve environmental
problems in the world. Planet.
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